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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are among the most frequently prescribed medication for ADHD and are believed to increase and regulate levels of brain chemicals. They are not able to solve the problem and can only manage symptoms if they are taken regularly. The adverse effects of ADHD medications may include changes in blood pressure as well as heart rate, anxiety, and tics. Some teens and children who take stimulant medications notice a slight slowing in their growth. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant for the central nervous system and is the most frequently used drug for treating ADHD. It is available in a variety of forms, such as a liquid chewable tablet and an oral disintegrating tablet, which acts long and has an extended release. The drug increases the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain, which help to enhance focus. It can also help reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methylphenidate can be a successful treatment for ADHD when combined with other treatments, like behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate is a drug that blocks transporters that normally remove these neurotransmitters from the brain. The drug may cause an increase in heart rate or blood pressure. It can also cause an abrupt change in blood sugar levels, which is why people with diabetes should be cautious when taking this medication. Talk to your doctor when you have any of these symptoms. Methylphenidate is also known to cause the condition known as Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness and pain in the fingers and toes. This is a rare, but serious side result. It is essential to notify your doctor in the event that these symptoms develop. There is a concerns that methylphenidate may slow children's growth, but this hasn't been proven to be the situation. If your child is taking methylphenidate, ensure that you be aware of their weight and height. If adhd treatment without medication is on chewable tablets containing methylphenidate, it contains phenylalanine, which can be dangerous for children suffering from the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Consult your physician about a different methylphenidate formula when you suffer from PKU. Certain people have issues with stimulants, which are the first choice of medication for treating ADHD. In these instances, doctors might prescribe another medication that works similarly. There are other stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine in addition to the methylphenidate. These are more powerful than methylphenidate and may last longer. They are usually taken between two and three times a day However, some people take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD, but these are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also known as Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration while decreasing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It is in a class of medications known as selective norepinephrine receptor inhibitors. It works by boosting levels of dopamine and norepinephrine, two chemical messengers that control the brain's activity. It is a favorite among children and adults who want an alternative to stimulants like Adderall or Vyvanse. It is crucial to keep in mind that atomoxetine is not effective instantly, and it can take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the medication to become apparent. Additionally, you may be afflicted by side effects such as drowsiness, decreased appetite, and upset stomach. However the benefits of atomoxetine outweigh the risks for most patients. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study that was conducted on 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the efficacy of atomoxetine is confirmed. The participants were randomized to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine group and the placebo group experienced reduction in depression symptoms. The atomoxetine treatment group showed better improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. However, the improvement was modest (Michelson et al 2001). In a second open trial in a second open trial, 10 ADHD patients who did not respond to stimulants were treated with the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group showed improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Rated screening version and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales improving significantly. One patient had to withdraw due to a eruption. In addition, three patients experienced gastrointestinal issues that were transient and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil et al 2005). Consult your physician before you begin treatment with atomoxetine regarding your health history, including any supplements or medications you take. This includes herbal remedies and over-the-counter medications. It is particularly important to inform your doctor if you suffer from narrow-angle glaucoma or a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor, high blood pressure, heart disease or a history of sudden death. You should stay clear of the use of atomoxetine if you've taken an MAO-inhibitor like isocarboxazid or linezolid in the last 14 days or rasagiline, Methylene Blue Injection, phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Bupropion Bupropion is a nonstimulant that can help improve symptoms of ADHD. It can also decrease impulsivity, and increase concentration. However it doesn't affect the brain in the similar way that stimulants do. It's only available on prescription. Your doctor will determine the best dose for you. Bupropion is available in tablets and extended-release capsules. It is important to take the medication as instructed. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur in the event that you stop abruptly. The usual dosage is two or three doses daily divided by 4 to 6 hours. The dosage can vary from 100 mg twice or three times a day up to 150 mg daily, three or four times. The drug is absorbed by the digestive tract, and then excreted into urine, meaning it isn't able to enter breast milk. However, it could enter the bloodstream and affect other organs. Bupropion can increase your blood pressure, which is why it's important to monitor it frequently. Bupropion is a great drug that, in addition to reducing ADHD symptoms and reducing depression, also helps to reduce the symptoms of ADHD. It can also treat bipolar disorder. It is accomplished by blocking dopamine receptors in your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine, from entering your brain. This helps stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other drugs It's therefore important to tell your doctor about any other medications you're taking. It's essential to let your doctor know that you are suffering from any allergies. Avoid caffeine and other stimulants as they can make the side effects worse. Several studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed and the majority of them were not well-designed. Furthermore, many of them did not include participants with psychiatric disorders. However, the evidence suggests that bupropion can have a slight effect on ADHD. However there is a need for more research to determine positive patient-centered outcomes such as improvement in quality of life. Before effective treatments can be created it is essential to gain a better understanding of the molecular forms of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the connection between the molecular pathways. Furthermore, it's essential to understand how different anti-ADHD agents work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants are often prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed for children suffering from ADHD don't work or cause adverse side adverse effects. These drugs, which include imipramine and nortriptyline (Aventyl, Pamelor), work by increasing the neurotransmitters norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the brain to help people focus. These are older drugs which can cause serious side effects, so they're typically only considered when other medications have failed. The first choice for antidepressants in depression is usually a serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) like fluoxetine, sertraline, or citalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still being used in certain instances despite their long history. They are also effective in reducing neuropathic pain. They also have an additional pain-relieving effect that is separate from their antidepressant properties. They increase the potency of noradrenephrine by reducing its reuptake. They also function as antagonists of pain pathways in the spinal cord. SSRIs are less harmful and have less adverse effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They're also safer during pregnancy and aren't teratogenic in animals or humans. If they are abruptly stopped, they could cause significant withdrawal symptoms. To minimize these adverse effects, your physician might suggest reducing the dosage gradually over several weeks. While not officially approved by the FDA as an adhd medication, bupropion is a commonly prescribed antidepressant off-label for ADHD. It is believed to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine and acetylcholine in the brain, which improves concentration. It is also believed to relieve stress and anxiety. It can be paired with stimulants to produce more rapid and lasting results. There are no FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medications, however many people find relief from dietary supplements and herbal remedies. A diet that is low in fat and sugar may aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Also, avoiding caffeine can be beneficial to some people. It is essential to inform your doctor about all the medications your child or you is taking, including prescription medications and herbal remedies. This can help reduce unwanted side effects and help prevent interactions. ADHD medications can affect everyone differently, which is why it's often a trial and error to find the right drug and dosage for your child or yourself.